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Mast Cell Activation Syndrome

What is Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS)?

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) is a condition in which mast cells, which are a type of immune cell, become overactive or defective. This can lead to the release of excessive amounts of histamine and other inflammatory mediators, causing symptoms such as itching, hives, and difficulty breathing. MCAS can occur in anyone, whether or not there is a history of disease or a genetic component. It is estimated that 10-30% of the population may be suffering from MCAS, and many people may not be aware of it. Symptoms can vary widely and mimic other conditions, making MCAS a challenging condition to diagnose. However, with an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment, it is possible to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

What are Mast Cells?

Mast cells play an important role in the immune system by releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators in response to allergens and other triggers. They are found in connective tissue throughout the body, including the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. These cells help to protect the body from disease, allergens, and toxins, but when they malfunction they can cause allergic reactions such as hives, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Understanding the role of mast cells in the immune system can help to provide insight into the causes and treatments of various immune-mediated conditions.

What does Mast Cell Activation Syndrome look like?

MCAS can present in a wide variety of ways, making it a challenging condition to diagnose. Symptoms can range from clear allergic reactions like hives, to more chronic, inflammatory symptoms that can mimic other conditions. Some symptoms can come and go over time and can be different in severity and frequency, making it a difficult condition to diagnose.

Some common symptoms of MCAS include:

What Conditions are Related to Mast Cell Activation Syndrome?

MCAS causes your mast cells to become overactive or defective. This can lead to the release of excessive amounts of histamine and other inflammatory mediators, causing a wide range of symptoms.

Conditions related to MCAS include:

It is important to note that these conditions are related to MCAS and may share similar symptoms but they are not the same thing. A proper diagnosis should be made by a medical professional and proper treatment should be sought. Understanding the relationship between MCAS and other conditions can help to provide insight into the causes and treatments of various immune-mediated conditions.

What can Trigger Mast Cell Activation Syndrome?

Some common triggers for MCAS symptoms include:

  • Sudden temperature changes in the body or environment
  • Stress
  • Exercise (especially cardiovascular exercise)
  • Certain food or beverages (including alcohol)
  • Certain drugs (opioids, NSAIDs, antibiotics and some local anesthetics)
  • Contrast dyes
  • Natural odors
  • Chemical odors
  • Perfumes and scents
  • Venoms
  • Mold exposure
  • Infections (bacterial, parasitic or fungal such as candida, Lyme disease, COVID or other viral infections)
  • Mechanical irritation
  • Friction
  • Vibration
  • Sun/sunlight

It is important to note that triggers can vary from person to person and that not all triggers may cause symptoms to occur. Understanding individual triggers can help to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. It is best to work with a medical professional to identify and manage the triggers.

What causes Mast Cell Activation Syndrome?

The exact cause of MCAS is not fully understood, but there are several factors that may contribute to its development. Some of the most common causes of MCAS include:

  • Mutations in the KIT gene: Most cases of MCAS are related to a random change (mutation) in the KIT gene, which controls the growth and development of mast cells.
  • Toxicity: Exposure to heavy metals, chemicals and pesticides can lead to toxicity, which can trigger MCAS.
  • Infections: Chronic or acute prolonged infections such as candida, Lyme disease, COVID or other viral infections can trigger MCAS.
  • Mold exposure: Long-term exposure to mold can trigger MCAS symptoms.
  • Chronic exposure to allergens and triggers: Continued exposure to allergens and triggers, such as dust, pollen, or certain foods, can lead to the development of MCAS.

It is important to note that the cause of MCAS can vary from person to person and that it may be multifactorial. Understanding the underlying causes of MCAS can aid in the proper diagnosis, treatment, and management of the condition.

What Testing is there for Mast Cell Activation Syndrome?

Diagnosing MCAS can be challenging as symptoms can be wide-ranging and vary from person to person. However, there are several tests that can be performed to help diagnose the condition.

  • Tryptase test: A tryptase test is a blood test that measures the level of tryptase, a protein that is released by mast cells. Elevated levels of tryptase can indicate the presence of too many mast cells in the body, which is a hallmark of MCAS.
  • Other Mast Cell Mediators: Other lab tests can be done to check for other mast cell mediators such as histamine, prostaglandin D2, and leukotrienes. These tests can be done to support the diagnosis of MCAS.
  • Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy can be performed to check for the presence of excessive numbers of mast cells in the skin, which is a characteristic of MCAS.
  • Other tests: Depending on the symptoms, other tests such as blood tests, skin tests, and imaging scans may be performed to rule out other possible causes of symptoms.

It is important to note that these tests are not always available in Canada, and that the diagnosis of MCAS can be a process of exclusion of other conditions with similar symptoms. It is best to work with a medical professional to identify the cause of symptoms and to determine the appropriate testing and treatment.

How is Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Treated at Ananta Health?

The treatment for MCAS focuses on managing symptoms and identifying triggers to reduce their occurrence. At Ananta Health, we first begin with a thorough intake and consultation that includes BioScan SRT testing. Diet and lifestyle changes would be discussed, as well as supplements and herbs to treat the condition. It is important to note that MCAS can have multiple causes and it may take several months to a few years to gain control over symptoms, a personalized management plan will be established once symptoms are stabilized.

How can Acupuncture Help with Mast Cell Activation Syndrome?

Acupuncture is a form of traditional Chinese medicine that involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to promote healing and balance. Some studies suggest that acupuncture may be beneficial in the treatment of MCAS, as it has the ability to reduce inflammation and regulate the immune system. Additionally, acupuncture can help to alleviate common symptoms of MCAS such as digestive complaints, insomnia, and depression and anxiety.